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This article is about the phonology and phonetics of the Galician language. == Vowels == Galician has seven vowel phonemes. These same ones are found under stress in standard Italian, standard Catalan, and Brazilian Portuguese (when counting its "nasal vowels" as diphthongs). It is likely that this 7-vowel system was even more widespread in the early stages of Romance languages. Some characteristics of the vocalic system: * In Galician the vocalic system is reduced to five vowels in post-tonic syllables, and to just three in final unstressed position: , , . So, unstressed close-mid vowels and open-mid vowels ( and ) can occur in complementary distribution (e.g. ''ovella'' 'sheep' / ''omitir'' 'to omit' and ''pequeno'' 'little, small' / ''emitir'' 'to emit'), with few minimal pairs like ''botar'' 'to throw' vs. ''botar'' 'to jump'. In pretonic syllables, close-/open-mid vowels are kept in derived words and compounds (e.g. ''crd''- > ''corda'' 'string' → ''cordeiro'' 'string-maker'—which contrasts with ''cordeiro'' 'lamb').〔 * Of the seven vocalic phonemes of the tonic and pretonic syllables, only has a set of different renderings (allophones), forced by its context: * * (short central): normal realization of the phoneme. * * (long central): due to contraction, as in ''ra'' 'frog' < ''rãa'' < Latin . * * (short advanced back): when next to an . * * (short retracted front): before a palatal consonant, or before a yod. * All dialectal forms of Galician but Ancarese, spoken in the Ancares valley in León, have lost the phonemic quality of mediaeval nasal vowels. Nevertheless, any vowel is nasalized in contact with a nasal consonant. * The vocalic system of Galician language is heavily influences by metaphony. Regressive metaphony is produced either by a final , which tend to open medium vowels, or by a final , which can have the reverse effect. As a result, metaphony affects most notably words with gender opposition: ''sogro'' ('father-in-law') vs. ''sogra'' ('mother-in-law'). On the other hand, vowel harmony, triggered by or , has had a large part in the evolution and dialectal diversification of the language. ;Diphthongs Galician language possesses a large set of falling diphthongs: There are also a certain number of rising diphthongs, but they are not characteristic of the language and tend to be pronounced as hiatus. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Galician phonology」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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